Joseph Bianco Background Report
On
November 13, 2018 President Trump nominated
Joseph F. Bianco to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals for the seat held by Judge Reena Raggi,
who took senior status in August 2018. The Senate did not act on Bianco’s
nomination before the end of the Congress, and on January 3, 2019, his
nomination was returned to the President. On January 23, 2019, President Trump renominated
Bianco.
It’s important to note that Bianco’s nomination is being advanced over the objections of both of his home-state senators, Chuck Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand. Consistent with Senate practice for nearly a century, the Judiciary Committee should not proceed with a hearing without positive blue slips from both senators. The Congressional Research Service has found no known instance in which a nominee has ever been confirmed over the objections of both home-state senators. As Senator Orrin Hatch said in 2014, “[w]eakening or eliminating the blue slip process would sweep aside the last remaining check on the president’s judicial appointment power. Anyone serious about the Senate’s ‘advice and consent’ role knows how disastrous such a move would be.”
Biography
Bianco has served as a United States District Court judge for the Eastern
District of New York since 2006. Most
notably, he presided over several cases involving the MS-13 gang. See,
e.g., United
States v. Prado, 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 86631(E.D.N.Y.) (involving numerous
counts of attempted murder, racketeering, and witness tampering); United
States v. Ayala, 64
F. Supp. 3d 446 (E.D.N.Y. 2014)(involving
high-profile, violent MS-13 crimes in Long Island).
Prior to his
confirmation to the bench, he spent portions of his career working in
government, as both senior counsel/deputy assistant attorney general for the
Department of Justice Criminal Division from 2004 to 2006, and as an assistant
United States attorney for the Southern District of New York from 1994 to 2003.
Bianco also worked in private practice as counsel at Debevoise & Plimpton
LLP from 2003 to 2004, and as an associate at Simpson Thacher & Bartlett
LLP from 1991 to 1992 and 1993 to 1994.
Bianco clerked
for Judge Peter K. Leisure on the District Court for the Southern District of
New York from 1992 to 1993. He received his J.D. from Columbia University
School of Law in 1991 and his B.A. from Georgetown University in 1988.
Bianco has been
a member of the Federalist Society since 2004.
District Court Judge
During his
12-year career as a district court judge, Bianco has ruled and commented on a
number of prominent issues. For example:
Employment Discrimination and Labor
According to one
study, as a judge, Bianco grants motions to dismiss in employment law cases
over 84 percent of the time. For a
notable case where he ruled for the employee, however, see Leibowitz
v. Cornell Univ., 584 F.3d 487 (2d Cir. 2009)
(sitting by designation vacating grant of summary judgment for university
defendant in age and gender discrimination suit).
In 2010 Bianco held that claims of
employment discrimination based on sexual orientation do not constitute
sex-based discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. See
Zarda
v. Altitude Express,
855 F.3d 76 (2d Cir. 2017). In Zarda,
Bianco ruled that a plaintiff who was fired after he revealed to a client that
he was gay had no relief under Title VII. At the time, Bianco’s district court
ruling was a proper application of Second Circuit precedent. In 2018, the Second Circuit sat en banc in an appeal of Zarda and overruled the previous precedent
Bianco had relied upon, thus holding that sexual orientation discrimination was
actionable under Title VII.
National Security, Civil Liberties, and Presidential Power
In a 2005 panel discussion titled “Prosecuting Terrorism: The
National Challenge,” Bianco defended the USA Patriot Act.
In another symposium, he also raised concerns regarding
trying terror suspects in Article III courts. In his 2007 notes, Bianco wrote,
“[h]ow difficult or complicated is it to try terrorism cases in civilian
courts? Is it any different than
prosecuting a complicated organized crime case?” He then replied: “Answer –
Yes. Absolutely no comparison. For those
who say that all cases can be brought in civilian courts, that is simply
incorrect.” Bianco cited various difficulties involved with trying a terrorism
case in civil courts. These difficulties included the nonexistent access to
classified evidence and the fact that alternative evidence tends to not be
reliable, therefore it is “not admissible under the evidentiary and legal rules
in a civilian court.”
The Senate
should probe his views on how to balance national security needs with the need
to protect civil liberties and critical constitutional rights. The Senate should also probe his views on
presidential powers, and the role of courts to check such power, especially in
areas of national security.
Fourth Amendment
As a
district court judge, Bianco has ruled on numerous Fourth Amendment
issues. Two are notable:
In United States v. Bailey, 468 F. Supp. 2d 373 (E.D.N.Y. 2006),
Bianco ruled that a stop and subsequent detention of Chunon Bailey, which
occurred after police followed Bailey for one mile after leaving the home they
had a warrant to search, was permissible. While the Second Circuit affirmed his
decision, the Supreme Court reversed, holding that the police could only follow
the defendant in the immediate vicinity of the premises to be searched.
In Vassallo v. Lando, 591 F. Supp. 2d 172 (E.D.N.Y. 2008),
Bianco ruled against Patricia Vassallo, who brought a suit against her son’s
school district and school officials, alleging that officials unlawfully
searched her son’s belongings and outer garments. The son was searched after
suspicion that he started a fire at the school. During the search, officials
found marijuana seeds. Bianco held the search was not unlawful, justifying it
due to the son’s proximity to the fire at the time and the fact that he pulled
his hood up to cover part of his face after encountering a teacher.
Tribal Rights
In New York v. Shinnecock Indian Nation,
523 F. Supp. 2d 185 (E.D.N.Y. 2007), vacated
and remanded, 686 F.3d 133 (2d Cir. 2012) (holding that district court lacked
jurisdiction), Bianco ruled against the Shinnecock Indian Nation’s construction
of a casino on a parcel of non-reservation property, holding that the tribe’s
original claim to the land expired during colonial times.
Conclusion
As of this writing, both home-state senators oppose Bianco’s nomination. Consistent with Senate practice for nearly a century, the Judiciary Committee should not proceed with a hearing.